A federal judge ordered Apple to dismantle part of the competitive barricade guarding its closely run app store, threatening one of the iPhone maker’s biggest moneymakers.

Such a change could potentially also save app developers billions of dollars that could encourage them to lower prices paid by consumers.

The ruling issued Friday decides an antitrust case brought by Epic Games, best known as the maker of Fortnite, a popular video game played by about 400 million people worldwide. Apple shares dropped on news of the ruling and were down by more than 2 per cent on Friday afternoon trading, reflecting investor fears that the ruling would siphon away billions of dollars in annual revenue from the company.

High commission rates

The legal battle targeted commissions of up to 30 per cent that Apple charges on digital transactions within apps. Such transactions can include everything from Netflix or Spotify subscriptions to the sale of digital items such as songs, movies or virtual tchotchkes (baubles) for video games.

Epic cast the highly lucrative fee as a price-gouging tactic that wouldn’t be possible if competing stores were allowed to offer iPhone apps.

Also see: Apple may face CCI probe over in-app payment issues

Although the ruling by US District Judge Yvonne Gonzalez Rogers requires Apple to make some changes in its app store, it also upheld the company’s right to block other stores from offering apps for its iPhone. She sided with Apple on every other key point of the case, and in particular didn’t find the company operating an illegal monopoly as Epic had charged.

“As the Court recognized, success is not illegal,’” Apple said in a statement. “Apple faces rigorous competition in every segment in which we do business, and we believe customers and developers choose us because our products and services are the best in the world.” The company didn’t say whether it would appeal the injunction requiring that iPhone app developers be allowed to offer other payment options.

Penalty on Epic

Gonzalez Rogers also dealt Epic a blow by ruling that the game maker breached its contract with Apple when Fortnite added a non-Apple payment system to its app. That defiance prompted Apple to oust Fortnite from its app store 13 months ago, triggering Epic’s lawsuit. She ordered Epic to pay Apple nearly $3.7 million, or 30 per cent of the revenue it collected while violating Apple’s commissions.

Epic, a privately held company based in Cary, North Carolina, didn’t immediately respond to a request for comment. But Epic CEO Tim Sweeney denounced the ruling in a tweet, writing that it “isn’t a win for developers or for consumers.” He said Fortnite will return to Apple’s app store once it can offer competitive in-app payments. “We will fight on,” he added in a subsequent tweet.

The 185-page ruling caps a trial focussed on one of the pillars holding up Apple’s $2 trillion empire – one that Apple’s late co-founder Steve Jobs began to shape 20 years ago.

Since that trial ended three months ago, Apple has taken two steps to loosen some of its app store rules — one to settle a lawsuit and another to appease Japanese regulators without altering its commissions. Those concessions make it easier for many apps to prod their users to pay for digital transactions in ways that avoid triggering Apple’s fees.

Now, Gonzalez Rogers is ordering Apple to go even further by allowing links and buttons for non-Apple payment options directly within apps, something Apple has steadfastly resisted. Apple also maintains that blocking other payment links within apps helps protect the security and privacy of people using its iPhones, iPads and iPods.