The US dollar was lodged near a three-year low against a basket of currencies on Friday with fears over a possible US government shutdown adding to its underlying woes stemming from its eroding yield advantage.
The dollar index stood at 90.518, having fallen to as low as 90.104 on Thursday, a level last seen in December 2014. It has lost 1.8 per cent so far in 2018.
The US House of Representatives had on Thursday passed a Bill to fund government operations through February 16 and avoid agency shutdowns this weekend when existing money expires. The Bill still must be approved by the Senate, where it faces an uncertain future.
“In December, lawmakers had to pass tax cuts so the process seemed smooth. But this time the risk of a government shutdown seems higher, even though it is not our main scenario,” said Shinichiro Kadota, senior FX strategist at Barclays.
Children's Health Insurance Program
The prospects of the Senates approval has been complicated by President Donald Trump saying an extension of funding for the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP), a Democratic priority, should not be included.
The euro stood at $1.2234, near the three year high of $1.2323 struck on Wednesday. Having advanced 0.28 per cent so far this week, the common currency could post a fifth consecutive week of gains. The dollar traded at 111.02 yen, with its rebound from Wednesday's four-month low of 110.19 already fading despite rise in US debt yields.
US Treasury yields
The 10-year US Treasuries yield rose to 2.627 per cent, near its December 2016 peak of 2.641 per cent hit on expectations on Trump's economic plans inlcuding tax cuts and infrastructure spending.
The dollar has fallen since 2017 largely on expectations central banks besides the Federal Reserve are seeking to end their policy of ultra low, even negative, interest rates that they adopted to combat the 2008 global financial crisis and the recession that followed.
“The US is no longer the only country raising rates. The market's focus is on how other countries are catching up with normalisation in monetary policy,” said Barclays' Kadota.
Bond-buying programme
Many investors think the European Central Bank will edge towards ending its bond purchase programme later this year.
A tiny reduction in the Bank of Japan's bond buying earlier this month was enough to spark speculation about possible modification in its policy even though many market players think any move will be many months away.
Another underlying factor hehind the dollar's weakness was global investors, including sovereign wealth funds and central banks, diversifying their holdings by switching more funds into other currencies. China and Japan, the top two foreign US creditors, cut their holdings of Treasuries during November, according to Treasury Department data.
Central banks' forex reserves
According to a report from the International Monetary Fund released in December, central banks increasingly added more non-dollar based currencies to their foreign exchange reserves in the third quarter. The Bank of France had also said on Monday it already held some currency reserves in yuan, hours after the German central bank said it was looking to move some of its reserves into the Chinese currency.
“European central banks are adding the yuan to their reserves. And if Chinese are diversifying, shifting to European bonds from U.S. bonds, that would suggest a shift from a regime where the dollar is overwhelmingly strong,” Ayako Sera, market economist at Sumitomo Mitsui Trust Bank.