Asian shares and US stock futures slipped on Wednesday and investors piled into havens such as US Treasuries, gold and the yen as tensions on the Korean peninsula escalated, with Pyongyang saying it is considering plans to attack Guam.
A spokesman for the Korean People's Army said in a statement that it was “carefully examining” plans for a missile attack on the US Pacific territory, which has a large US military base.
The comments came just hours after US President Donald Trump told North Korea that any threat to the United States would be met with “fire and fury", rattling global financial markets.
Financial markets have tended to quickly shake off North Korea's periodic sabre-rattling in the past, dismissing it as bluster, but tensions have lingered this year amid signs that it is making progress in its ballistic missile programme and on Trump's growing frustration with Pyongyang.
North Korea “has no intentions of backing down. Tensions will continue to mount and could eventually develop into a 'black swan' event that the markets are not prudently considering,” Steve Hanke, professor of Applied Economics at the Johns Hopkins University, told the Reuters Global Markets Forum on Wednesday.
Though Hanke said he did expect a sustained sell-off in riskier Asian assets, he added “safe assets, as a class, are probably underpriced at present''.
MSCI's broadest index of Asia-Pacific shares outside Japan fell 0.5 per cent, while Japan's Nikkei was 1.3 per cent lower as the stronger yen sapped investors' appetite.
South Korean shares, which have been among the strongest performers in the world so far this year, fell 1 per cent, while the won sank around 0.6 per cent to 1,134.5 to the dollar. Both slid to more than one-month lows.
S&P 500 e-mini futures were down 0.3 per cent, pointing to weakness on Wall Street later in the day, while the dollar skidded 0.4 per cent against its perceived safe-haven Japanese counterpart to 109.88 yen, plumbing its lowest levels since mid-June.
The euro slid 0.6 per cent to 128.92 yen, and fell 0.2 per cent against the dollar to $1.1732.
“It's a clear case of 'risk-off' sentiment lifting the yen, as investors focus on the latest developments with North Korea," said Kumiko Ishikawa, FX market analyst at Sony Financial Holdings in Tokyo.
Thin liquidity could also amplify market moves, she added, with markets in Singapore closed for a public holiday and many market participants in Japan taking time off this week ahead of a public holiday on Friday.
The dollar index, which tracks the greenback against a basket of six major rivals, was nearly flat on the day at 93.683 , remaining above last week's 15-month low of 92.548.
The yield on the benchmark 10-year US Treasury note fell to 2.253 per cent from its US close of 2.282 per cent on Tuesday.
Spot gold added 0.4 per cent to $1,265.22 an ounce, pulling away from the previous session's two-week lows.
US stocks closed lower on Tuesday after Trump's vow to respond aggressively to any North Korean threats triggered a late afternoon selling spree.
Japan had said on Tuesday it was possible that North Korea had already developed nuclear warheads and warned of an acute threat posed by its weapons programmes as Pyongyang's continues missile and nuclear tests in defiance of UN sanctions.
Crude oil prices extended their slide as exports from key OPEC producers rose, despite news of lower crude shipments from Saudi Arabia. US crude shed 18 cents to $48.99 a barrel, while Brent crude fell 25 cents a barrel at $51.89 a barrel.