European shares opened lower on Monday, dragged down by travel and leisure stocks following Friday's attacks in Paris, which killed more than 130 people.
The pan-European FTSEurofirst 300 index fell 0.4 per cent and France's CAC fell 0.6 per cent, while the STOXX Europe 600 Travel & Leisure index underperformed to decline by 2.3 per cent.
The events in Paris are likely to put consumer goods and tourism stocks under pressure in the short-term, although few strategists expect a prolonged economic impact or change in prevailing long-term market directions.
French hotel group Accor fell 6.3 per cent, among the worst performers in Europe, while the country's flagship carrier Air France KLM dropped 5 per cent. French airports operator ADP also fell 3.8 per cent, while Eurotunnel fell 4.5 per cent.
Energy stocks were the only sectoral gainers, as crude oil prices edged up as France launched large-scale air strikes against Islamic State in Syria.