US stocks had closed higher on Thursday after a three-day decline but sharply pared gains late in the session as oil dropped to near seven-year lows and the strong dollar weighed on the sentiment.
Major US indexes have had a bruising week as a rout in oil prices made investors worry about economic growth.
Oil futures fell to fresh lows since 2009 as traders looked beyond a drop in US crude stockpiles to focus on a global supply glut, while a stronger dollar weighed on commodities.
After settling down 1.1 per cent, US crude oil fell further, pushing the S&P well off its session highs. Investors are worried about a spill-over effect from oil to the rest of the economy and see a strong dollar hurting corporate earnings, said J.J. Feldman, portfolio manager at Los Angeles-based Miracle Mile Advisors.
"People are still worried about the Fed and what's going to happen next week. It's been a tough week and rallies just don't stick," he said.
Fed policy meeting
Investors are awaiting the Federal Reserve's meeting on December 15-16, when it is widely expected to raise interest rates for the first time in nearly a decade.
The Dow Jones industrial average rose 82.45 points or 0.47 per cent to 17,574.75, the S&P 500 gained 4.61 points or 0.23 per cent to 2,052.23 and the Nasdaq Composite added 22.31 points or 0.44 per cent to 5,045.17.
Despite sinking crude prices, the S&P's energy index was the second-best gainer of the day up 0.62 per cent. Some investors seem to be looking for energy stock bargains as they eye a bottom in oil prices, according to Feldman.
"The short sellers ran out of ammunition and probably took a breather," said Uri Landesman, president of Platinum Partners in New York.
Retail sales data
On Friday, investors will likely focus on November retail sales data, which includes the start of the crucial holiday shopping season.
Men's Wearhouse fell 16.97 per cent to $15.27 a day after the retailer warned it may miss the lower end of its fourth-quarter forecast.
NYSE declining issues outnumbered advancing ones 1,546 to 1,496, for a 1.03-to-1 ratio on the downside; on the Nasdaq, 1,514 issues rose and 1,304 fell, a 1.16-to-1 ratio favouring advancers.
The S&P 500 posted 4 new 52-week highs and 15 new lows; the Nasdaq recorded 27 new highs and 98 new lows.
About 6.75 billion shares were traded on US exchanges on Thursday below the 6.95 billion average for the last 20 sessions, according to Reuters data.