US stocks surged on Thursday, extending a Federal Reserve-fuelled rally from the previous session and giving the S&P 500 its best two-day advance in three years.

The rally follows the Fed’s commitment on Wednesday to take a “patient’’ approach towards raising interest rates while signalling it was on track to raise rates in 2015, which analysts said provided clarity and relief to investors over the policy outlook.

The Dow jumped 421 points and recorded the best one-day percentage gain since December 2011. The S&P 500 posted its biggest daily percentage gain since January 2013 and was up 4.5 per cent for the last two sessions, making for its biggest two-day rise since November 2011.

“The anxiety over the Fed meeting has abated for now, with the Fed using that word ‘patient’',’’ said Quincy Krosby, market strategist at Prudential Financial, which is based in Newark, New Jersey. “You had the beginning of the proverbial Santa Claus rally.’’

A 3-per cent jump in the technology sector also helped Thursday’s advance. Oracle Corp climbed 10.2 per cent to $45.35, a day after quarterly results topped Wall Street expectations. Shares of Apple rose 3 per cent to $112.65.

Before the rally of the last two days, a sell-off in oil and energy shares helped pushed the S&P 500 down nearly 5 per cent from its most recent record high on December 5.

“What happened this week was a game-changer. That easy money trade came to the forefront, and it’s so powerful it wipes out all of these concerns that exist,’’ said Adam Sarhan, chief executive of Sarhan Capital in New York.

The Dow Jones industrial average rose 421.28 points, or 2.43 per cent, to 17,778.15, the S&P 500 gained 48.34 points, or 2.4 per cent, to 2,061.23 and the Nasdaq Composite added 104.08 points, or 2.24 per cent, to 4,748.40.

Energy sector

The S&P energy sector gained 2.1 per cent even as US crude extended its sell-off since June, ending down 4.2 per cent. The S&P energy sector is still down 11.2 per cent for the year so far.

Investors may still be trying to recover from those losses.

“Some of those who were caught in the meat grinder of what happened with energy ... may be wanting to make up for performance now,’’ Krosby said.

CBOE Volatility Index

The CBOE Volatility Index dropped to 16.81 on Thursday from 19.44 on Wednesday, the second largest drop in December.

The upcoming quadruple-witch expiration of index futures and options on Friday also could have been behind the late-day trading rally, BGC Partners Inc equity derivatives strategist Jared Woodard said.

If options expire when the market is on the move, traders who are short out-of-the money options, have to close or hedge their exposure, he said, which tends to exaggerate gains or losses.

Volume this week has been well above the month’s average. On Thursday, about 8.7 billion shares changed hands on US exchanges compared with the 7.5 billion average this month, according to BATS Global Markets.

NYSE advancers outnumbered decliners 2,522 to 589, for a 4.28-to-1 ratio; on the Nasdaq, 2,093 issues rose and 655 fell, for a 3.20-to-1 ratio favouring advancers.

Among the day’s gainers, Rite Aid shares surged 11.9 per cent to $6.78 after the drugstore chain’s quarterly results topped expectations and it boosted its 2015 outlook.

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