Dr. Georgy Arbolishvili doesn’t need to see government statistics or hear about the records being broken every day for infections and deaths to know that Russia is struggling through a particularly alarming phase of the coronavirus pandemic.

He simply looks around his filled-to-capacity intensive care unit at Moscow’s Hospital No. 52.

Majorly unvaccinated deaths

With only about a third of Russia’s 146 million people vaccinated against Covid-19, the country has hovered near 1,000 reported deaths per day for weeks and surpassed it on Saturday — a situation that Arbolishvili says “causes despair”.

“The majority of ICU patients in grave condition are unvaccinated,” he said. These illnesses “could have been very easily avoided if a person had been vaccinated.”

With a record 1,015 fatalities reported Tuesday, the country’s death toll is now 225,325 — by far the highest in Europe, even though most experts agree even that figure is an undercount.

Those statistics “are directly linked to vaccinations,” Arbolishvili said. “The countries with a high share of those vaccinated don’t have so bad mortality numbers.”

Even though vaccines are plentiful, Russians have shown hesitancy and scepticism when it comes to getting vaccinated, which has been blamed on conflicting signals sent by authorities since the pandemic began last year.

Life as usual

Even as ICUs have filled in recent weeks, life in Moscow has continued as usual, with restaurants and movie theatres brimming with people, crowds swarming nightclubs and karaoke bars, and commuters widely ignoring mask mandates on public transportation.

That makes medical workers like Dr. Natavan Ibragimova shudder.

“I think about sleepless nights when we get a huge number of patients who didn’t even bother to use banal protective means,” the internist at Hospital No. 52 said.

Also see: Russia hits new record for Covid-19 deaths, resists lockdown

Patients who have gotten the vaccine usually don’t have serious symptoms, Ibragimova added, while the unvaccinated come to regret it.

“Patients who survive after a grave course of illness tell us when they are discharged, ‘Doctor, you were right and I will tell everyone that it’s necessary to get the vaccine’,” she said.

Non-working period

Until now, the Kremlin has ruled out a new nationwide lockdown like the one imposed early in the pandemic that dealt a heavy blow to the economy and sapped President Vladimir Putin’s popularity. The surging infections have raised the pressure on the health care system and prompted Cabinet officials to suggest that most public sector workers take a week off.

Deputy Prime Minister Tatyana Golikova, who heads the coronavirus task force, suggested Tuesday that such a non-working period start October 30 and last through the following week when four of seven days are already State holidays. The Cabinet will ask Putin to authorise the move, which would still keep many businesses in the service sector open.

Availability but no interest

Authorities also have raised pressure on medical workers, teachers and public servants to get vaccinated, but the pace has stayed sluggish. Putin has underlined the importance of vaccinations and has emphasised that it should be voluntary.

Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov admitted that while the government has done everything to make vaccinations easily available, it should have been more proactive in encouraging it.

“Obviously, more should have been done to explain the lack of alternative to vaccination,” Peskov told reporters.

Authorities have set up vaccination sites in shopping malls and other facilities at clinics where shots are offered without any advance booking and lines. They also have used lotteries, bonuses and other incentives to get vaccinated, without much success.

Russia is the only place “where you can easily come and get the shot while passing by,” said Dr. Irina Beloglazova, a pulmonary specialist at Hospital No. 52. “A vaccine offers a clear chance to survive. I wonder why people don’t take that chance.”

Sputnik V

In August 2020, Russia boasted of being the first country in the world to authorise a coronavirus vaccine even though it was only tested on a few dozen of people at the time, proudly naming the shot Sputnik V in honour of its pioneering space program.

While extolling Sputnik V and three other domestic vaccines developed later, State-controlled media derided Western-made shots, a controversial message that many saw as feeding public doubts about vaccines in general.

Also see: South African regulator rejects Russia's Covid-19 vaccine

Asked if authorising imports of foreign vaccines would help, Peskov said the scepticism isn’t limited to domestic shots. So far, the World Health Organization and the European Union has not authorized the use of Sputnik V, and Peskov emphasized that the issue should be resolved on an equal basis.

Regional lockdown decisions

While resisting a nationwide lockdown, the Kremlin empowered regional authorities across the country to decide on restrictions depending on their local situation.

Many of Russia’s 85 regions have already restricted attendance at large public events and limited access to theatres, restaurants and other venues. Some have made vaccination compulsory for certain public servants and people over 60.

Digital codes

Golikova urged the regions to move quickly on using digital codes for access to public areas.

The second-largest city of St. Petersburg joined others Monday in ordering digital codes to prove vaccination or recovery from infection for access to conferences and sports events beginning November 1. As of November 15, those codes will also be required at movies, theatres, museums and gyms, and on December 1, they will be mandatory at restaurants, cafes and some stores.

The city reported the second-largest number of new infections after Moscow, where authorities so far have refrained from tightening restrictions despite the mounting caseload.

Moscow this week moved to tighten mask mandates on public transportation.

On Tuesday, Moscow Mayor Sergei Sobyanin said unvaccinated people over 60 will be required to stay home. He also told businesses to keep at least a third of their employees working remotely for three months starting October 25.

High infection rate

Michael Head, a senior research fellow in global health at Britain’s University of Southampton, said the almost daily record-breaking virus numbers in Russia are hardly surprising, given the lack of restrictions and the highly contagious delta variant. “We have seen time and again that if you let susceptible people mix, the delta variant is very, very adept at spreading in communities,” he said.

Experts at the WHO and elsewhere estimate that it might be necessary for more than 80 per cent of a population to be immunised.

Also see: Vaccines, masks? Japan puzzling over sudden virus success

The government’s task force has registered more than 8 million infections and ranks Russia as having the fifth-most Covid-19 deaths in the world after the United States, Brazil, India and Mexico.

However, State statistics agency Rosstat, which also counts deaths in which the virus wasn’t considered the main cause, has reported a much higher death toll — about 418,000 as of August. Based on that number, Russia would be the fourth hardest-hit nation.

Fear of new variants

Martin McKee, a professor of European public health at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, said the situation was extremely worrying for Russia and the rest of the world.

Even high rates of vaccination elsewhere in Europe wouldn’t prevent the virus from being reimported from Russia, particularly if worrisome new variants emerge, he said.

“Until we have control of the virus everywhere, there’s a risk of importation and the pandemic will not be under control,” he said.

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