Russia's finance minister called on Wednesday for a cut in planned spending to weather an economic crisis, warning of a more than $45 billion drop in revenues this year if the average oil price is $50 a barrel.
In comments underlining the government's growing concern at the downturn, Finance Minister Anton Siluanov said all budget expenditure should be cut by 10 per cent except defence, a priority for President Vladimir Putin.
Adding to the gloom, Economy Minister Alexei Ulyukayev said there was a "pretty high" chance Russia's credit rating would be downgraded to junk and a deputy, Alexei Vedev, said he expected inflation to peak at 15-17 per cent in March/April.
A steep fall in the rouble, low prices for its main oil export and Western sanctions over Moscow's role in the Ukraine crisis have hit Russia's economy hard, and Siluanov said overall expenditure in 2015 must increase by 5 per cent, not the 11.7 per cent previously budgeted.
"The state cannot have the kind of spending it used to have with economic growth ... (and) with the oil price at $100 per barrel," Siluanov told a conference of state officials, economists and business chiefs.
But with Russia being starved of investment, pressure is mounting for stronger government action to pull it out of crisis.
"We need a radical turn in economic policy," said German Gref, the head of Russia's biggest bank, Sberbank, demanding a "breakthrough" to improve the dire investment climate, stymied by state pressure on business and weak rule of law.
Ulyukayev also highlighted the problems facing small and medium businesses, saying they must be supported to try to spur Russia's oil-dependent economy, which the World Bank expects to contract by 2.9 per cent this year.
"The global economy will never again be what it used to be in 2000-07 and the situation in Russia will never be the same," Ulyukayev said, referring to the economic boom years under Putin when the global oil price soared. "It will be much more complicated. It already is much more."
BUDGET GAP
Russia's 2015 budget was based on an oil price of $100 a barrel but prices are now close to six-year lows at just above $46 a barrel.
"Regardless of having already curbed 2015 spending, we will ask parliament to cut by 10 per cent all expenditure apart from defence spending," Siluanov added.
He said Russia needed to husband its reserves to overcome difficulties as the price of oil looked set to continue at low levels. The rouble, which fell about 40 per cent against the dollar in 2014, has also continued its decline this year.
"We think that with the (average) oil price at $50 per barrel (in 2015) ... we will lose some 3 trillion roubles in revenues," he said.
Siluanov said the Reserve Fund, a rainy day fund of around $90 billion to cover budget holes, would be increased by 370 billion roubles ($5.60 billion) from last year's savings, but Russia would need to spend more than 500 billion roubles from it in 2015 to cover the budget gap.
The 500 billion, currently invested in foreign currency assets, would be converted gradually on the forex market.
Siluanov said the ministry could invest part of the Reserve Fund in rouble bank accounts to take advantage of the weak rouble and earn high interest.
"We need to have a lot more resources so as not to spend, not to burn up the reserve funds," he said.