Countries belonging to the G20 group of the world’s biggest economies applied 40 new trade restrictive measures between May and October, covering around $481 billion of trade, the World Trade Organization (WTO) said on Thursday.

The new restrictions covered six times more trade than in the previous period and were the largest since the WTO started monitoring G20 trade in 2012, it said in a statement.

“Further escalation remains a real threat,” WTO Director-General Roberto Azevedo said in a statement.